Articles of Confederation AP essays

Articles of Confederation AP papers In 1777, the states sanctioned the Articles of Confederation to save popular government and keep oppression from the individuals who tried to bring together force. However, in their endeavors to keep their freedom, the states made a feeble focal government that couldn't improve a wiped out economy and poor outside relations. Despite the fact that the confederation increased some significant forces, the essential forces to burden and control trade stayed with the individual states. Each state passed their own money, and hence made expansion and made Continentals available for use useless. Aggravated with limitations on exchange to Great Britain and down the Mississippi River, the states got buried in an overwhelming melancholy. John Fiske, of the moderate view, understood the tricky circumstance when he expressed the Nation was under the skirt of breakdown and close political agitation and that the multi year duration after 1783 was the most crucial time in American History.Robert Morris, secretary of money, turned to frantic measures with the Newburgh scheme trying to raise assets for an exhausted military; yet it took an energetic request from General Washington himself to put down the insubordination. Moreover, the Articles took into consideration individual rights misuses, for example, unconfirmed abandonments on homesteads and less than ideal advances to certain little gatherings, the absolute opposite of republicanism. As Arthur Schlesinger Jr. expressed the Articles were to inept to administer. Lastly, no legal framework was accommodated to authorize laws and subsequently took into account insurgences, for example, Shays Rebellion. Moreover, to pass enactment required a consistent assent and more than not a solitary contradicting vote forestalled the endorsement of solid monetary bills. By and large, the Articles were incapable in improving the monetary condition of the new country. In spite of the fact that Thomas Paine (Common Sense) accepted that the Articles and decentralization was a legitimate decision of government after... <!

Free Essays on Toni Morissons The Bluest Eye

Toni Morisson's tale The Bluest Eye is about the life of the Breedlove family who dwell in Lorain, Ohio, in the late 1930s (where Morrison herself was conceived). This family comprises of the mother Pauline, the dad Cholly, the child Sammy, and the little girl Pecola. The tale's point of convergence is the little girl, an eleven-year-old Black young lady who is attempting to vanquish a session with self-loathing. Ordinary she experiences bigotry, from the White individuals, however for the most part from her own race. In their eyes she is excessively dim, and the obscurity of her skin by one way or another shows that she is mediocre, and as per every other person, her skin makes her much uglier. She believe she can conquer this clash of self-loathing by acquiring blue eyes, however an extraordinary blue. She needs the bluest of the blue, the bluest eye. Pecola Breedlove is an honest young lady who, as exceptionally other small kid, didn't request to be conceived in this brutal world. It is awful enough that for all intents and purposes the entire world rejects her, however her own folks are liable of dismissal too. Her own dad, who is continually smashed, explicitly attacks his little girl more than once. The first occasion when he has sex with his little girl, he leaves her marginally oblivious, and lying on the kitchen floor with a blame covering her slight, limp, preteen body. Whenever he plays out a similar demonstration, yet this time he impregnates her. Obviously, the child is lost. This is clearly not an affection a dad ought to be imparting to a little girl. This demonstration shows scorn in the most noticeably awful manner. Her mom's dismissal is unobtrusive yet powerful. When Pecola reveals to her mom about the attack, Mrs. Breedlove doesn't trust her own fragile living creature and blood. Pecola calls Pauline Mrs. Breedlove as opposed to calling her mom. Permitting this, Mrs. Breedlove shows that unwittingly she doesn't recognize Pecola as her girl, and Pecola doesn't admit Pauline as her mom. Separation is very apparent in this purported mother-girl re... Free Essays on Toni Morisson's The Bluest Eye Free Essays on Toni Morisson's The Bluest Eye Toni Morisson's tale The Bluest Eye is about the life of the Breedlove family who live in Lorain, Ohio, in the late 1930s (where Morrison herself was conceived). This family comprises of the mother Pauline, the dad Cholly, the child Sammy, and the little girl Pecola. The tale's point of convergence is the little girl, an eleven-year-old Black young lady who is attempting to vanquish a session with self-loathing. Ordinary she experiences bigotry, from the White individuals, however generally from her own race. In their eyes she is excessively dim, and the haziness of her skin by one way or another shows that she is mediocre, and as indicated by every other person, her skin makes her considerably uglier. She believe she can defeat this clash of self-loathing by acquiring blue eyes, however an extraordinary blue. She needs the bluest of the blue, the bluest eye. Pecola Breedlove is an honest young lady who, as other little youngster, didn't request to be conceived in this remorseless world. It is terrible enough that basically the entire world rejects her, however her own folks are liable of dismissal too. Her own dad, who is continually tanked, explicitly attacks his little girl more than once. The first occasion when he has sex with his little girl, he leaves her marginally oblivious, and lying on the kitchen floor with a blame covering her delicate, limp, preteen body. Whenever he plays out a similar demonstration, yet this time he impregnates her. Obviously, the infant is prematurely delivered. This is clearly not an adoration a dad ought to be offering to a girl. This demonstration shows scorn in the most noticeably terrible manner. Her mom's dismissal is unpretentious yet strong. When Pecola discloses to her mom about the attack, Mrs. Breedlove doesn't trust her own fragile living creature and blood. Pecola calls Pauline Mrs. Breedlove as opposed to calling her mom. Permitting this, Mrs. Breedlove shows that unknowingly she doesn't recognize Pecola as her girl, and Pecola doesn't admit Pauline as her mom. Separation is very apparent in this supposed mother-little girl re...

Natchez

Natchez Natchez, city (1990 pop. 19,460), seat of Adams co., SW Miss., on bluffs above the Mississippi River; settled 1716, inc. 1803. It is the trade, shipping, and processing center for a soybean, corn, cotton, livestock, and timber area. It has lumber and pulpwood mills; manufactures include steel, transportation equipment, and machinery. Natchez was founded in 1716 when Fort Rosalie was established there; in 1729 members of the Natchez tribe killed the garrison troops. The area passed to England (1763), Spain (1779), and the United States (1798). Natchez was capital of the Mississippi Territory from 1798 to 1802, and was the state capital from 1817 to 1821. The southern terminus of the Natchez Trace , it became a great river port and the cultural center of the planter aristocracy before the Civil War, and was the site of one of the largest slave markets in the South. In the Civil War it was taken by Union forces in 1863. The city has preserved its antebellum architecture, and many hist oric homes are visited during the festival period in March and April. Natchez once housed a large, prosperous Jewish community and is home to the Museum of the Southern Jewish Experience. Also there are the Natchez Museum of African-American History and Culture, the 1841 William Johnson House (owned by a freed slave who became a slave owner himself), the prehistoric Grand Village of the Natchez tribe, and Jefferson College, Mississippi's first chartered educational institution and now a museum. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Accounting Supply Chain Management Terms and Ans

Chapter 2 Job Order Costing TRUE/FALSE 1. Cost accounting systems are used to supply cost data information on costs incurred by a manufacturing process or department. ANS: T 2. A manufacturer may employ a job order cost system for some of its products and a process cost system for others. ANS: T 3. A job order cost accounting system provides for a separate record of the cost of each particular quantity of product that passes through the factory. ANS: T 4. A process cost accounting system provides for a separate record of the cost of each particular quantity of product that passes through the factory. ANS: F†¦show more content†¦a. | Job order cost system | b. | General cost system | c. | Replacement cost system | d. | Process cost system | ANS: A 5. For which of the following businesses would the job order cost system be appropriate? a. | Meat processor | b. | Automobile manufacturer | c. | Oil refinery | d. | Construction contractor | ANS: D 6. For which of the following businesses would the process cost system be appropriate? a. | Book retailer | b. | Dress designer | c. | Lumber mill | d. | Printing firm | ANS: C 7. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a job order costing system? a. | It accumulates cost for each department within the factory. | b. | It provides a separate record for the cost of each quantity of product that passes through the factory. | c. | It is best suited for industries that manufactures custom goods. | d. | Uses only one work in process account. | ANS: A 8. Which of the following products probably would be manufactured using a job order costing system? a. | Number 2 pencils | b. | Computer monitors. | c. | Wedding invitations. | d. | Paper. | ANS: C 9. Job order costing and process costing are a. | pricing systems. | b. | cost accounting systems. | c. | cost flow systems. | d. |Show MoreRelatedAccounting: Supply Chain Management Terms and Ans1345 Words   |  6 PagesChapter 2 Job Order Costing TRUE/FALSE 1. Cost accounting systems are used to supply cost data information on costs incurred by a manufacturing process or department. ANS: T 2. A manufacturer may employ a job order cost system for some of its products and a process cost system for others. ANS: T 3. A job order cost accounting system provides for a separate record of the cost of each particular quantity of product that passes throughRead MoreAn Analytical Environment On My Accounting And Supply Chain Management1015 Words   |  5 Pagesenvironment utilizing my Accounting and Supply Chain Management degrees. Over 18 years of experience in Financial Auditing, Manufacturing and Supply Chain Management. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: Rutgers, University Procurement Service, Piscataway, NJ Supply Chain Project Data Analyst and Accounts Payables May 2016 – current Supply Chain Project Data Analysis of the day to day accounting activities. Reporting trends, costs and deliverables to the Director of Procurement and Accounting Manager AP. ManagedRead MoreKudler Fine Foods/ Supply Chain Management1241 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: KUDLER FINE FOODS / SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Kudler Fine Foods / Supply Chain Management Larry Don Franklin University of Phoenix Kudler Fine Foods / Supply Chain Management Kudler fine food’s supply chain forms the center of its business processes beginning with its purchasing department followed by advertising, accounting, inventory management, forecasting, and merchandising selection and pricing. Its business processes could be enhanced by taking advantage of IT systemsRead MoreWhy I Should Be A Supply Chain Manager953 Words   |  4 PagesI like to be a supply chain manager It is engaged in every aspect of the processing business, such as planning, purchasing of goods, producing, inventory, customer service and more. I want to work as a supply chain manager at Hewlett Packard in three to five years. It will be extremely hard to get a job in there. I should study harder and effort more. This is five steps that I should be done before submitting a resume at Hewlett Packard. To getting this career job, first of all, I need study muchRead MoreThe Scotts Company: Transforming The European Supply Chain Essay847 Words   |  4 Pages The main problem is fundamentally related to supply chain problems, including duplication and inefficiency of sourcing, manufacturing and distribution. Therefore, task #1 is to optimize supply chain and squeeze costs. We would like to elaborate more on sub problems and causes: 1. Each office has their own supply management function that increases Group’s purchasing, manufacturing, packagingRead MoreThe Scotts Company: Transforming the European Supply Chain906 Words   |  4 Pageslevels that might cause a domino effect to other large customers. The main problem is fundamentally related to supply chain problems, including duplication and inefficiency of sourcing, manufacturing and distribution. Therefore, task #1 is to optimize supply chain and squeeze costs. We would like to elaborate more on sub problems and causes: 1. Each office has their own supply management function that increases Group’s purchasing, manufacturing, packaging and delivering costs. Scotts Europe hasRead MoreThe Defense Contractors1347 Words   |  6 Pagesindustry. For instance, â€Å"Raytheon charges the government $90 per hour for administrative support/clerical work for individuals with a minimum of a high school diploma and two years of experience, and slightly more than $100 per hour for first-tier management consulting† (Porter, 2015). One major factor that is contributing to the higher wages among the defense contractors is the Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR) which may require a company performing work under a federal contract to have a unionizedRead MoreProject Proposal Of Cargill Cocoa And Chocolate North America904 Words   |  4 Pages Distribution, Materials Management, Production Planning, Logistics Execution, Quality Management, Financial Accounting, and Supply Chain Management. †¢ Triple Point Commodity SL Triple Point Technology is an American software company dealing in multi-market commodity and enterprise risk management. Founded in 1993, Triple Point is privately held and headquartered in Westport, Connecticut, United States. The company provides cloud and on-premises commodity management software that addresses theRead MoreThe Impact Of Information Technology On Accounting Activities1051 Words   |  5 Pagessociety, Accounting has experienced approximately several stages. In theses stages, the development of advance technology for accounting is so important that its influence could not be overlooked. In today highly competitive, dramatically changed global economy, rapidly fluctuated business market, organizations have been forced to consider how to use information technologies to hold advanced competitiveness. As introducing of these information technologies into organizations, accounting activitiesRead MoreExecutive Summary The Company Boca Electronics1633 Words   |  7 Pa gesforecasts sales and production it is often changed by the time orders have been placed with the suppliers. Issues also emerge because of lack of sync between the suppliers and the firm due to which product prices cannot be determined. Also, the accounting department which is responsible for processing invoices usually has to email managers in other departments due to needed alterations causing a lot of time wasting. Also, the system used by sales department and other departments within the company Accounting Supply Chain Management Terms and Ans Chapter 2 Job Order Costing TRUE/FALSE 1. Cost accounting systems are used to supply cost data information on costs incurred by a manufacturing process or department. ANS: T 2. A manufacturer may employ a job order cost system for some of its products and a process cost system for others. ANS: T 3. A job order cost accounting system provides for a separate record of the cost of each particular quantity of product that passes through the factory. ANS: T 4. A process cost accounting system provides for a separate record of the cost of each particular quantity of product that passes through the factory. ANS: F 5. A process cost†¦show more content†¦If the Thomlin Company uses a predetermined overhead rate based on machine hours for applying overhead, as of this point in time (year to date) the overhead is over/under applied by? a. | $1,000,000 over | b. | $1,000,000 under | c. | $500,000 over | d. | $500,000 under | ANS: A 16. At the end of the year, overhead applied was $35,000,000. Actual overhead was $34,200,000. Closing over/under applied overhead into cost of goods sold would cause net income to increase/decrease by? a. | Increase by $800,000 | b. | Decrease by $800,000 | c. | Not effect net income. | d. | Decrease net income by $200,000 | ANS: A 17. Which of the following would most likely be a period cost? a. | Depreciation on factory lunchroom furniture. | b. | Salary of telephone receptionist in the sales office. | c. | Salary of a security guard for the factory parking lot. | d. | Computer chips used by a computer manufacturer. | ANS: B 18. Which of the following would most likely be a product cost? a. | Salary of VP of sales. | b. | Advertising for a particular product. | c. | Drill bits for a drill press used in the plant assembly area. | d. | Salary of the company receptionist. | ANS: C 19. The document authorizing the issuance of materials from the storeroom is the: a. | materials requisition | b. | purchase requisition | c. | receiving report | d. | purchaseShow MoreRelatedAccounting: Supply Chain Management Terms and Ans1332 Words   |  6 PagesChapter 2 Job Order Costing TRUE/FALSE 1. Cost accounting systems are used to supply cost data information on costs incurred by a manufacturing process or department. ANS: T 2. 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ManagedRead MoreKudler Fine Foods/ Supply Chain Management1241 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: KUDLER FINE FOODS / SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Kudler Fine Foods / Supply Chain Management Larry Don Franklin University of Phoenix Kudler Fine Foods / Supply Chain Management Kudler fine food’s supply chain forms the center of its business processes beginning with its purchasing department followed by advertising, accounting, inventory management, forecasting, and merchandising selection and pricing. Its business processes could be enhanced by taking advantage of IT systemsRead MoreWhy I Should Be A Supply Chain Manager953 Words   |  4 PagesI like to be a supply chain manager It is engaged in every aspect of the processing business, such as planning, purchasing of goods, producing, inventory, customer service and more. I want to work as a supply chain manager at Hewlett Packard in three to five years. It will be extremely hard to get a job in there. I should study harder and effort more. This is five steps that I should be done before submitting a resume at Hewlett Packard. To getting this career job, first of all, I need study muchRead MoreThe Scotts Company: Transforming The European Supply Chain Essay847 Words   |  4 Pages The main problem is fundamentally related to supply chain problems, including duplication and inefficiency of sourcing, manufacturing and distribution. Therefore, task #1 is to optimize supply chain and squeeze costs. We would like to elaborate more on sub problems and causes: 1. Each office has their own supply management function that increases Group’s purchasing, manufacturing, packagingRead MoreThe Scotts Company: Transforming the European Supply Chain906 Words   |  4 Pageslevels that might cause a domino effect to other large customers. The main problem is fundamentally related to supply chain problems, including duplication and inefficiency of sourcing, manufacturing and distribution. 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One major factor that is contributing to the higher wages among the defense contractors is the Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR) which may require a company performing work under a federal contract to have a unionizedRead MoreProject Proposal Of Cargill Cocoa And Chocolate North America904 Words   |  4 Pages Distribution, Materials Management, Production Planning, Logistics Execution, Quality Management, Financial Accounting, and Supply Chain Management. †¢ Triple Point Commodity SL Triple Point Technology is an American software company dealing in multi-market commodity and enterprise risk management. Founded in 1993, Triple Point is privately held and headquartered in Westport, Connecticut, United States. The company provides cloud and on-premises commodity management software that addresses theRead MoreThe Impact Of Information Technology On Accounting Activities1051 Words   |  5 Pagessociety, Accounting has experienced approximately several stages. In theses stages, the development of advance technology for accounting is so important that its influence could not be overlooked. In today highly competitive, dramatically changed global economy, rapidly fluctuated business market, organizations have been forced to consider how to use information technologies to hold advanced competitiveness. As introducing of these information technologies into organizations, accounting activitiesRead MoreExecutive Summary The Company Boca Electronics1633 Words   |  7 Pa gesforecasts sales and production it is often changed by the time orders have been placed with the suppliers. Issues also emerge because of lack of sync between the suppliers and the firm due to which product prices cannot be determined. Also, the accounting department which is responsible for processing invoices usually has to email managers in other departments due to needed alterations causing a lot of time wasting. Also, the system used by sales department and other departments within the company

Unemployment in the Great Recession - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1588 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/05/31 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Unemployment Essay Did you like this example? The Great Recession was an economic disaster that made an effect on world financial markets. Along with banking industries and real estate industries. This disaster led to high increases in home mortgage foreclosures all over the world. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Unemployment in the Great Recession" essay for you Create order It caused tons and tons of people to lose their savings, jobs, and even their homes. The Great Recession is considered to be the longest period of economic decline since the Great Depression of the 1930s. (History.com Editors). A main factor in the Great Recession was unemployment which is what I chose to talk about for my paper. Going into unemployment there are two factors that cause the official unemployment rate to understate actual unemployment. One of those factors is they are part time workers and they are counted as employed. The second factor is discouraged workers who want a job, but are not looking for one, they also are not included in the labor force, which means they are not part of the unemployment statistic. In unemployment there are three types, which include frictional, structural, and cyclical. The one we had to know was cyclical unemployment which was caused by the recession phase of the business cycle. One of the first articles I chose talks about the Unemployment and the Great Recession. One of the first things reading this article was talking about typically the unemployment rate rises whenever the total economy goes under a recession. Then we get into two counts the first one is unemployment has rose much more than in typical recessions and the second count is unemployment rate had stabilized itself high for an extremely long time. Tasci gets into talking about the Federal Reserve Bank in Cleveland and that it shows increases in unemployment rates from cyclical factors. They told the readers that the factors that ordinally would have only a temporary effect and should gradually fade as the economy recovers. Which is the good news but here is always bad news with good news so here is the bad news is that they have found at least two reasons why the unemployment rate could stay high for some time. Those two reasons are the weakness of the recovery in real economic output and the s low rate at which workers find new jobs. (Tasci). This article mentioned that unemployment rate reports the number of jobless workers as a fraction of the labor force which we covered in class. Which the labor force is only made up of unemployed and employed workers. Being in the labor force we have some employed workers lose their jobs and becoming unemployed but then they work hard and find a new job becoming back to employed. Which finding new jobs means you are being hired but, in this article, they said one of the subsequent rises in unemployment results was not from layoffs but from a low hiring rate. Tasci and his colleague Zaman came up with some new measurements of the long run unemployment rate that ties in worker flows into the analysis. They said this helps them because it distinguishes between two potentially different reasons for a high unemployment rate. Those two reasons are one being long periods of unemployment for laid off workers and the very high number of layof fs overall, and the second being underlying trends in these flow rates determine where the unemployment rate will settle in the long run. (Tasci). In my second article I chose it talks about the job deficit and the long-term unemployment problem. It starts off giving us information about the unemployment rate and how in 2009 was ten percent in the fourth quarter and it told us that even today the unemployment rate is even higher than the ten-point eight percent postwar unemployment peak in the 1982-83 recession. Something the article talked about was payroll employment and in March 2010 everyone saw some modest employment growth which was one hundred sixty thousand. Which all that goes to something that this article is all about which is that we currently have a current jobs deficit of ten point six million. (Katz). So, when I read that I did not know what it meant until it explained further which was that we would need ten point six million more jobs today to just get back to the employment rate. We are told that unemployment increased the Great Recession and that it disproportionately affected workers from good industries, yo ung workers, and non-college workers. I wanted to use this article because it supports my other article in talking about cyclical unemployment. Our labor market in the early 2009s followed cyclical negative relationship between job openings and unemployment. So, this means unemployment in 2009 looked really bad but normal cyclical unemployment increase. Going into an outward shift curve actually increased structural labor market problems. Which we still have a massive cyclical unemployment issue with a huge shortfall of aggregate demand and the real GDP. Which both aggregate demand and GDP was discussed in class. Aggregate demand is an economic measurement of the sum of all final goods and services produced in an economy, expressed as the total amount of money exchanged for those goods and services (www.investopedia.com). Gross domestic product (GDP) is the monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a countrys borders in a specific time period (www.investo pedia.com). We were told that most of the rise of long-term unemployment reflects the cyclical collapse of aggregate demand and labor demand. When the hire rates remain low for a sustained period, labor markets, and reentrants are unable to get work quickly and have a huge chance of becoming in the field of long-term unemployment. In my last article I chose was about unemployment and the Great Recession and Beyond. The beyond part is talking about at least in this article is about Northern European, Germany, and the Netherlands, which we didnt really talk about, but when I went back to our notes and looking at all the graphs we had they were mentioned. This article told us about the Great Recession and how it severely affected the economic scene in many countries. A term we went over in class was GDP growth and that the article told us it was negative in some countries during the period 2008-2009. The huge economic issue has led to a decrease in employment growth and also a decrease in our labor market rate and an increase in unemployment rates in many countries. Like all the other papers this one also told us that the Great Recession is scarce, but also added that knowledge about mechanism and consequences in increasing. It talked about how the Great Recession unemployment has rose dramatically. The unemployment rate has doubled from four percent in 2008 to over eight percent in 2014. (Weel). In this article it told us it compared to many of its Northern European peer countries and Germany, and the Netherlands which they all experienced stronger unemployed growth and lost its leading position in terms of low unemployment rates. We get into the big shock which can be absorbed by price and or quantity adjustments. Our analysis showed us in this article that at a relatively large part of the adverse shock translated into unemployment. As a result, to all of this the Netherlands faced a relatively strong increase in long term unemployment. I found that doing this research on the Great Recession which is again was an economic disaster that made an effect on world financial markets. Along with banking industries and real estate industries. This disaster led to high increases in home mortgage foreclosures all over the world. It caused tons and tons of people to lose their savings, jobs, and even their homes. The Great Recession was very interesting topic to talk about and even learn more about and finding articles that tied into our class discussions was very interesting as well and I say that because we were able to go and pick three articles of whatever topic we wanted that tied into our lectures. I thought finding what we talked about in class was going to be very hard to find in articles and being able to understand them. Once I read the articles and saw certain key terms we have gone over then the article made more sense to me. Overall the Great Recession was not a good thing to people who had jobs. A lot of people w ere laid off, being laid off you dont have a job anymore and during that time it was a low percent on hiring people because of money. A lot of people lost a lot of stuff in the Great Recession. It didnt affect everyone but did affect a great amount of people. All three of my articles tied into each other talking about cyclical unemployment, unemployment its self, GDP, labor force and labor markets. All three of the articles I did not criticize them, I used all of them as in a positive way giving good information and they each had some different aspects to put in my paper and also had relating topics in each article. Reading other articles that I did not choose some were even talking about we may have another Great recession later on in like year 2020. Which I really hope does not happen because a lot of people are already having issues getting jobs and trying to pay for things such as their homes, family, and bills, but this was a great topic to talk about and learn about.

Social control, discipline and regulation Free Essays

Many more serious crimes such as large scale tax evasion which costs the government a lot of money, are often overlooked and are seldom prosecuted. Over time some laws which are no longer relevant are disseminated and other acts become criminals. These change with new governments and societal and culture changes. We will write a custom essay sample on Social control, discipline and regulation or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 1967 the Sexual Offences Act was introduced which made it illegal in Britain for men of any age to have consensual sex together. Over time society has come to accept gay relationships and so in turn the law surrounding gay couples has also relaxed. In 2005 civil partnerships were introduced to give gay couples similar rights to married couples and the current government Is looking at making gay marriages legal. If deviant behavior seems to becoming more common, such as people carrying weapons then new legislations are put in place or existing legislations are updated and more harsh penalties are put in place to deter criminals and reduce crimes and visitation. Travis Hirsh (1969) through his social bond theory tries to explain why some people don’t commit crime. He argues the question Why do they do it? Is not a question the control theory is signed to answer. The important question he says is Why don’t we do it? [1]. Hirsh identified four main characteristics or social bonds which explain conformity. The more a person features these characteristics the less likely they are to become deviant or criminal. Attachment to family and friends he seen as the most Important factor In his social bond theory, this influence supports our norms, values and conscience. If we did not care about how we were perceived by our family and friends then we would be free to act deviant. Commitment to achievement Is another actor, this refers to how much effort, time and money a person puts into a particular activity. A person such as a doctor who has spent a lot of time, effort and money on educating themselves is less likely to become deviant because a criminal record could result in them losing their job. Involvement in conventional activities leaves a person with less time to think about or get involved in deviant activities. Belief refers to the strength of our commitment to a particular belief. There are variations in our beliefs; the less a person believes he should follow the rules the more likely he is to elate them. A criticism of Hirer’s work would be to ask why people commit crime. This assumes that law abiding behavior is normal and that the majority of people do not commit crimes. In some sub cultures deviant behavior is the norm, children born Into this kind of culture and grow up breaking the law because It Is normal to them. Walsh does not explain this kind of behavior. When crimes are committed the judicial system uses different forms of punishment or social control. This is used to law. Harsh forms of social control are imprisonment or even death in some countries. A softer form of social control is things like fines and community service. In Michel Faculty’s book, Discipline and Punishment, he looks at the birth of the prison and how the penal system has changed from. In the 17th century the forms of punishment were brutal public tortures, humiliations, hangings and executions which focused on hurting the physical body. This triggered many riots in sympathy and support for the convict; the public were against these cruel methods of punishment which were also inconsistent. Faculty’s believes this form of punishment was to show the power of the state rather than to act as deterrence. Prisons were first introduced in the 18th century as a result of the public protests for punishment without torture. Prisons focused punishment on the souls and minds of prisoners as the mind was now seen as more valuable and the body was seen as Just a machine controlled by the mind. This new form of discipline and punishment was able to control and manage the prisoner at all times rather than short bursts of bodily torture which was previously used. The prison became more than a place where offenders were deprived and became a place where discipline could be instilled. Faculty saw this as abuse of power, its main purpose would have been, an attempt to reform the criminal in the hope that upon his release he would be less likely to refined and become a contributing member of society. Faculty believes that detention causes recidivism; and states, â€Å"those leaving prison have more chance of going back to it; a very high proportion, up to 38 per cent of inmates were convicted again† [2]. If prisons worked then they would be empty. Jeremy Beneath a utilitarian philosopher was interested in the design of prisons. He designed a circular prison which he called the Pontific. It had a central tower so prison officers had a 360 view and could see into all of the cells at all times. The inmates could not see into the central tower and so never knew if they were being watched. The exact blueprint was never built but it did have some impact on how future prisons were designed. Faculty said that constant supervision and forced discipline broke the will of the criminal and made him into a ‘docile body which is easily controlled by people in authority. This was then ideal for the new economics, politics and warfare of modern industrial society. It enslaves us to a life of government controlled discipline. Critiques of Faculty have focused mainly on his ideas of struggle for self-freedom from the disciplines of society, believing that people should be unique individuals and be their true self. He does not explain this in depth nor does he explain how it fits in with society. Edward W Said states: other critics of Faculty argue he did not go in depth when explaining the struggle between individuality and society. Faculty did not give a purpose for the struggle or a goal to be obtained. Why should complete individuality be the ultimate purpose in life? For Faculty there seems to be no focal mint, but rather an endless network of relations† (Ho, 1986: 55). If a person were to believe Faculty’s idea then following any rule of society would be submitting to the discipline of society. The anti-institutional consensus of the sass’s refers to a cultural movement that developed in the United States and England. Th e baby boom children from the sass’s were growing up in the sass’s. The growing consciousness of a younger generation may have led to a shift in perspectives on societal wrongdoings. Race relations, women’s rights and differing interpretations of the American Dream. People questioned the legitimacy of the state and started to challenge authority, this resulted in boycotts, marches, protests, sit-ins and riots. Along with drug use and sexual liberation, criminality rocketed. The role of women as full time homemakers in industrial society was challenged in 1963, giving way to the women’s movement and influencing a second wave in feminism. The availability of birth control was the foundation of the sexual liberation. The idea of ‘recreational sex’ without the threat of unwanted pregnancies changed society as it allowed men a women greater freedom outside traditional marriage. With this change in attitude, the amount of children born outside wedlock in the I-J rose from 8% in 1971 to nearly 45 % in 2007 [3]. This counterculture of the sass’s influenced Governments to rethink criminal acts. There were changes in human rights and laws were put in place to tackle discrimination between men and women. From 1967 abortion became legal, and women became able to divorce their husbands when the Divorce Reform Act came into force in 1969. John Breathiest, an Australian criminologist recognizes that the current criminal justice system labels and astigmatisms offenders, making crime problems worse. He looks at the relationship between crime and social reactions in his book Crime, Shame and Reintegration. He believes a restorative Justice system to be more effective than a punitive Justice system which enables offenders and victims to come together. He suggests the key to crime control is cultural shaming and making the offender feel remorse for what he has done. Breathiest identifies two types of shaming. Disintegrative shaming is where the offender is stigmatize and excluded from society, becoming labeled along with his behavior. Reintegrating shaming is where criminal behavior is condemned rather than the offender. He is kept within society and is shown forgiveness through words or gestures. Breathiest argues that crime rates are higher in places where disintegrative shaming is used. His hypothesis is that in societies where there is a strong commitment to place collective interests over individual interest there are stronger incentives for people to conform and lower crime rates. He uses the example of Japan which is highly urbanites and densely populated; we would assume that crime rates would be high. Arrest rates are high UT prosecution rates are low. Cultural factors play an important role, honor and pride within Japanese families is very important so bringing shame upon the family is a deterrent to committing crimes. These traditions date back to the Samurai Warriors who would fall upon their own swords (Hair Kari) to prevent bringing shame upon their families. Japanese parents often commit suicide when their children commit serious crimes as they cannot cope with the shame and feel partly responsible. It is hard to compare the I-J with societies such as Japan which is a more equal society and less diverse. In the I-J the Home Office gave legislative endorsement to these ideas in 1998 Crime and Disorder Act and the 1999 Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act reflecting the definition of restorative Justice as restoration, reintegration and responsibility [4]. All kinds of initiatives that attempt to bring the victim and the offender together now carries the label ‘restorative’. Rock (1990) described the restorative system as a ‘dead duck so it is interesting to reflect upon the process whereby it gained its current status. Daly (2002) discusses in detail the that the current punitive Justice system to be ineffective. Prisons in England are currently close to full capacity, if they were effective they would be empty. Inmates are reportedly more likely to become recidivists and commit new crimes that they have learnt from other inmates. This causes greater problems for the Government when it comes to tackling crime. I believe that Michel Faculty is right in the sense that imprisonment, along with constant supervision and discipline is an abuse of power. John Barbiturate’s work on a restorative Justice system could be beneficial to some offenders, victims and more importantly society as a whole. How to cite Social control, discipline and regulation, Papers

Introduction to Management Financial Aspects

Question: Discuss about the Introduction to Managementfor Financial Aspects. Answer: Introduction Good management is one of the fundamental components that contribute to the success of organizations (Kenneth, 2014). Effective management creates directions for an organization and assists in communicating the vision internally and externally. This company has various management challenges that must be addressed for it to meet its goals and objectives. AAT lacks competent staff. Some of the people who should undertake critical activities in the organization have no skills for some of the basic things like simple database recording and emails. Robert, the finance worker, also finds it hard to provide clear and precise answers on financial aspects. This indicates that a lot needs to be done to equip the staff members with skills that can assist them to perform well in their duties. Another challenge facing this organization is resistance towards change. After Alex had realized that there was a need for changes to be done so as to lead the team into a more streamlined and less stressful existence, employees were very reluctant to change. Most of the staff members also resist the use of new technologies. These shows the staff members are connected to the old ways of doings things, and proper measures should be taken to help them change. Another problem that might impact good performance in this company is lack leaders who act as role models and employees who are committed towards work. For effective leadership, managers should act as role models by doing what is right (Liz, 2012). Sally the CEO arrives late at work and is off sick at least one day each fortnight. CEO is a senior person in an organization and should always lead by example. Arriving late at work and being off sick from time to time may make the other staff members develop the same habit. In the concepts of management, one of the key roles of managers is building and establishing a competent team of employees (Sandra, 2016). The AAT managers have not been exercising this responsibility because the company has incompetent employees. The management must ensure there is a team of employees who are skilled and are up to date with the changes that occur in their areas of specialization. Managers have the responsibility of leading, organizing, controlling and planning (Roger, 2011). Sally the CEO and other senior people in the organization seem not to have been taking their responsibilities. Instead of acting as a role model through reporting at work on time and on a daily basis, she is always late or absent from time to me and sends a list of things that should be done and sometimes forgets to make follow ups. This is an indication of a person who does not understand the responsibilities of a manager. Embracing the use of technology and innovation is part of managerial functions (Sandra, 2016). The management should make its employees understand the importance of information systems in an organization. The use of new technologies can assist an organization to reduce its costs and improve productivity. The issue of resisting the adaptation of new technologies may make this organization experience challenges in meeting the expectation of its clients. There are various measures which this organization can use to solve its management challenges. One of the measures is training (Roger, 2011). The management should organize for training programs for employees who seem to indicate incompetency while performing their duties. This will assist in equipping unskilled employees with the necessary skills that can help them to accomplish their tasks. The other way of addressing management challenges in AAT is helping all staff members to understand the importance of change. Employees may have change resistance because of various reasons like being connected the old way or fear for the unknown (Ravindra, 2014). The nature and role of work change from time to time and therefore restructuring certain aspects is necessary. The management should help the employees understand that change is both necessary and mandatory for organizations that wish to attain their goals. For the staff members to be committed to their tasks, the CEO should lead by example. Good Leaders are those who make good things happen (Petra, 2012). One of the best strategies of doing it is giving the employees a reason to believe and follow. Sally should report at work on time and demonstrate the importance of working hard to achieve the organizational goals. Proper management of nonprofit making organizations is the only strategy that can assist AAT to achieve its aims. This organization is faced with various challenges that are likely to prevent it from better performance. Some of these problems include lack of competency, change resistance, and lack of role models. To address these issues, the CEO, Alex and other managers should use various strategies like training the staff members, letting the employees know the importance of change and leading by example References Kenneth, M. B. 2014. Impact of Management Basics on Employee Engagement. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 13(2), 90-100. Liz. T. 2012. Managerial Perceptions of Crisis Leadership in Public and Private Organizations: An Interview Study in the United States. International Journal of Management, 29(2), 45-67. Petra. H. 2010. The Use of Operations Management Procedures in Order to Increase Organizations Competitiveness under the Conditions of Growing Pressures of Globalization. Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal, 2(1), 56-89. Ravindra. J. 2015. Innovation Management: Strategies, Concepts and Tools for Growth and Profit. South Asian Journal of Management, 22(3), 56-89. Roger. D. 2011. Common Purpose: How Great Leaders Get Organizations to Achieve the Extraordinary. Naval War College Review, 62(4), 200-250. Sandra, G. D. 2016. Accountability Reporting in Austrian Non-Profit Organizations-More than a Compliance Instrument? Public Administration Quarterly, 40(2), 90-100.